Shrimad Bhagavad Gita
Chapter 17 - The Yoga of the Division of the Threefold Faith
1. Arjuna Uvaacha:
Ye shaastravidhimutsrijya yajante shraddhayaanvitaah;
Teshaam nishthaa tu kaa krishna sattwamaaho rajastamah.
Arjuna said:
Those who, setting aside the ordinances of the scriptures, perform sacrifice with faith,what is their condition, O Krishna? Is it that of Sattwa, Rajas or Tamas?COMMENTARY: This discourse deals with the three kinds of faith, according to one’sinherent nature—Sattwic, Rajasic or Tamasic.
2. Sri Bhagavaan Uvaacha:
Trividhaa bhavati shraddhaa dehinaam saa swabhaavajaa;
Saattwikee raajasee chaiva taamasee cheti taam shrinu.
The Blessed Lord said:
Threefold is the faith of the embodied, which is inherent in their nature—the Sattwic(pure), the Rajasic (passionate), and the Tamasic (dark). Do thou hear of it.
3. Sattwaanuroopaa sarvasya shraddhaa bhavati bhaarata;
Shraddhaamayo’yam purusho yo yacchraddhah sa eva sah.
The faith of each is in accordance with his nature, O Arjuna! The man consists of his faith;
as a man’s faith is, so is he.
The faith of each is in accordance with his nature, O Arjuna! The man consists of his faith;
as a man’s faith is, so is he.
4. Yajante saattwikaa devaan yaksharakshaamsi raajasaah;
Pretaan bhootaganaamshchaanye yajante taamasaa janaah.
The Sattwic or pure men worship the gods;
the Rajasic or the passionate worship theYakshas and the Rakshasas;
the others (the Tamasic or the deluded) worship the ghosts and thehosts of nature-spirits.
5. Ashaastravihitam ghoram tapyante ye tapo janaah;
Dambhaahamkaarasamyuktaah kaamaraagabalaanvitaah.
Those men who practise terrific austerities not enjoined by the scriptures, given tohypocrisy and egoism, impelled by the force of lust and attachment,
Those men who practise terrific austerities not enjoined by the scriptures, given tohypocrisy and egoism, impelled by the force of lust and attachment,
6. Karshayantah shareerastham bhootagraamamachetasah;
Maam chaivaantahshareerastham taanviddhyaasuranishchayaan.
Senseless, torturing all the elements in the body and Me also, who dwells in thebody,—know thou these to be of demoniacal resolves.
7. Aahaarastwapi sarvasya trividho bhavati priyah;
Yajnastapastathaa daanam teshaam bhedamimam shrinu.
The food also which is dear to each is threefold, as also sacrifice, austerity andalms-giving. Hear thou the distinction of these.COMMENTARY: A man’s taste for a particular food is determined according to the Gunaprevalent in him.
8. Aayuh sattwabalaarogya sukha preetivi vardhanaah;
Rasyaah snigdhaah sthiraa hridyaa aahaaraah saattwikapriyaah.
Foods which increase life, purity, strength, health,joy and cheerfulness, which areoleaginous and savoury, substantial and agreeable, are dear to the Sattwic people.
9. Katvamlalavanaatyushna teekshna rooksha vidaahinah;
Aahaaraah raajasasyeshtaa duhkhashokaamayapradaah.
The foods that are bitter, sour, saline, excessively hot, dry, pungent and burning, are likedby the Rajasic and are productive of pain, grief and disease.
10. Yaatayaamam gatarasam pooti paryushitam cha yat;
Ucchishtamapi chaamedhyam bhojanam taamasapriyam.
That which is stale, tasteless, putrid, rotten and impure refuse, is the food liked by theTamasic.
11. Aphalaakaangkshibhiryajno vidhidrishto ya ijyate;
Yashtavyameveti manah samaadhaaya sa saattwikah.
That sacrifice which is offered by men without desire for reward as enjoined by theordinance (scripture), with a firm faith that to do so is a duty, is Sattwic (or pure).
12. Abhisandhaaya tu phalam dambhaarthamapi chaiva yat;
Ijyate bharatashreshtha tam yajnam viddhi raajasam.
The sacrifice which is offered, O Arjuna, seeking a reward and for ostentation, knowthou that to be a Rajasic Yajna!
13. Vidhiheenam asrishtaannam mantraheenam adakshinam;
Shraddhaavirahitam yajnam taamasam parichakshate.
They declare that sacrifice to be Tamasic which is contrary to the ordinances of thescriptures, in which no food is distributed, which is devoid of Mantras and gifts, and which isdevoid of faith.
14. Devadwijagurupraajna poojanam shauchamaarjavam;
Brahmacharyamahimsaa cha shaareeram tapa uchyate.
Worship of the gods, the twice-born, the teachers and the wise, purity,straightforwardness, celibacy and non-injury—these are called the austerities of the body.
15. Anudwegakaram vaakyam satyam priyahitam cha yat;
Swaadhyaayaabhyasanam chaiva vaangmayam tapa uchyate.
Speech which causes no excitement and is truthful, pleasant and beneficial, the practiceof the study of the Vedas, are called austerity of speech.COMMENTARY: It is said in the Manu Smriti: “One should speak what is true;
oneshould speak what is pleasant;
one should not speak what is true if it is not pleasant, nor what ispleasant if it is false. This is the ancient Dharma”. To be an austerity speech should combine all theattributes mentioned in the above verse.
16. Manahprasaadah saumyatwam maunamaatmavinigrahah;
Bhaavasamshuddhirityetat tapo maanasamuchyate.
Serenity of mind, good-heartedness, purity of nature, self-control—this is called mentalausterity.
17. Shraddhayaa parayaa taptam tapastattrividham naraih;
Aphalaakaangkshibhiryuktaih saattwikam parichakshate.
This threefold austerity practised by steadfast men with the utmost faith, desiring noreward, they call Sattwic.
18. Satkaaramaanapoojaartham tapo dambhena chaiva yat;
Kriyate tadiha proktam raajasam chalamadhruvam.
The austerity which is practised with the object of gaining good reception, honour andworship and with hypocrisy, is here said to be Rajasic, unstable and transitory.
19. Moodhagraahenaatmano yat peedayaa kriyate tapah;
Parasyotsaadanaartham vaa tattaamasamudaahritam.
The austerity which is practised out of a foolish notion, with self-torture, or for thepurpose of destroying another, is declared to be Tamasic.
20. Daatavyamiti yaddaanam deeyate’nupakaarine;
Deshe kaale cha paatre cha taddaanam saattwikam smritam.
That gift which is given to one who does nothing in return, knowing it to be a duty togive in a fit place and time to a worthy person, that gift is held to be Sattwic.
21. Yattu pratyupakaaraartham phalamuddishya vaa punah;
Deeyate cha pariklishtam taddaanam raajasam smritam.
And, that gift which is made with a view to receive something in return, or looking for areward, or given reluctantly, is said to be Rajasic.
22. Adeshakaale yaddaanamapaatrebhyashcha deeyate;
Asatkritamavajnaatam tattaamasamudaahritam.
The gift which is given at the wrong place and time to unworthy persons, without respector with insult, is declared to be Tamasic.COMMENTARY: At the wrong place and time—at a place which is not holy, whereirreligious people and beggars assemble, where wealth acquired through illegal means such asgambling and theft, is distributed to gamblers, singers, fools, rogues, women of evil reputation;
wealth that is distributed at an inauspicious time. This does not discourage the giving of alms to thepoor.
23. Om tatsaditi nirdesho brahmanas trividhah smritah;
Braahmanaastena vedaashcha yajnaashcha vihitaah puraa.
“Om Tat Sat”: this has been declared to be the triple designation of Brahman. By thatwere created formerly the Brahmanas, the Vedas and the sacrifices.
24. Tasmaadomityudaahritya yajnadaanatapahkriyaah;
Pravartante vidhaanoktaah satatam brahmavaadinaam.
Therefore, with the utterance of “Om” are the acts of gift, sacrifice and austerity asenjoined in the scriptures always begun by the students of Brahman.
25. Tadityanabhisandhaaya phalam yajnatapah kriyaah;
Daanakriyaashcha vividhaah kriyante mokshakaangkshibhih.
Uttering Tat, without aiming at the fruits, are the acts of sacrifice and austerity and thevarious acts of gift performed by the seekers of liberation.
26. Sadbhaave saadhubhaave cha sadityetatprayujyate;
Prashaste karmani tathaa sacchabdah paartha yujyate.
The word Sat is used in the sense of reality and of goodness;
and so also, O Arjuna, it isused in the sense of an auspicious act!
27. Yajne tapasi daane cha sthitih saditi chochyate;
Karma chaiva tadartheeyam sadityevaabhidheeyate.
Steadfastness in sacrifice, austerity and gift, is also called Sat, and also action inconnection with these (or for the sake of the Supreme) is called Sat.
28. Ashraddhayaa hutam dattam tapastaptam kritam cha yat;
Asadityuchyate paartha na cha tatpretya no iha.
Whatever is sacrificed, given or performed, and whatever austerity is practised withoutfaith, it is called Asat, O Arjuna! It is naught here or hereafter (after death).COMMENTARY: Whatever sacrifice, austerity or charity done without being dedicatedto the Lord will be of no avail to the doer in this earthly life here or in the life beyond hereafter.
Hari Om Tat SatIti Srimad Bhagavadgeetaasoopanishatsu BrahmavidyaayaamYogashaastre Sri KrishnaarjunasamvaadeShraddhaatrayavibhaagayogo Naama Saptadasho’dhyaayah
Thus in the Upanishads of the glorious Bhagavad Gita, the science of the Eternal, thescripture of Yoga, the dialogue between Sri Krishna and Arjuna, ends the seventeenth discourseentitled:“The Yoga of the Division of the Threefold Faith”
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